Why we need to know the truth about Hillsborough
The e-petitions initiative is something that has clearly caught on, as demonstrated initially by the lively debate on the death penalty.
There has been another petition doing the rounds this month calling for the full disclosure of all documents relating to the Hillsborough disaster, including minutes of cabinet meetings that took place in the aftermath of the tragedy. It can be found here for anyone who wishes to add their name.
More than two decades on, blind spots remain for relatives and friends of the 96 people who lost their lives on that dreadful day of April 15th 1989. Missing pieces in the puzzle of truth are natural barriers to closure, a sense of finality at least in terms of what occurred and how the events that followed were played out in powerful circles.
Of course, everyone who was touched by the disaster in some way deserves a whole lot better than to see potentially vital information in its narrative buried away under the guise of the Official Secrets Act.
There is no national security question at work here, the complete absence of any danger that we may come under nuclear attack as a result of these documents being made available for public digestion.
It was Mrs Thatcher herself who first floated the suggestion that not just Liverpool, but all English clubs should withdraw or be withdrawn from European competition. The FA and UEFA took the bait, and the rest is history.
Banning Liverpool for a period of time was probably the right decision, but dragging Wimbledon, Oxford United and Luton Town (all of whom would have qualified for Europe in the ‘banned years’) into the equation made no sense whatsoever.
This context is important, since while her antipathy for football and its supporters was obvious to anyone with a functioning brain, the police could be seen as an organisation that had served her well, particularly during the miners’ strike.
So those two questions. that may or may not be answered by disclosure of Cabinet Minutes and Thatch’s discussions with senior police officers, are as follows:-
1. Did the government seek to approach the immediate aftermath of Hillsborough from a starting position that was sympathetic to the police?
There are two versions of the Hillsborough story. One, peddled by the police and repeated to disgusting effect by the Sun and its notorious editor Kelvin McKenzie – went like this :-
Drunk football fans, many of whom did not possess match tickets, impatiently attempted to access the Leppings Lane end of the ground and forced the police to open a gate that had no turnstiles. This then caused the fatal crush, after which those same alcohol-fuelled scousers decided to pick-pocket the dead, urinate on ambulance crews and essentially exaccerbate the scale of what was unfolding.
Alternatively:-
Chief Superintendent David Duckinfield and his right hand man Bernard Murray could see at around 15:05 from the control room that the Leppings Lane end of the ground had become dangerously overcrowded. The perimeter fences that had caged supporters in stadia like animals at a zoo did not help, but they were basically caught in the headlights and failed to do their job. The tragedy could have been avoided, or the scale of it at least reduced, had effective police action taken place earlier. Both Duckinfield and Murray are mightily fortunate to have later been cleared of manslaughter.
The first Taylor report (not the one that recommended all-seater stadia, but back to that very shortly) appeared to find much more credence in the latter theory.
But were the government determined to see the police exonerated and Liverpool supporters at least partially blamed for the tragedy, regardless of the facts?
The second question is more potentially controversial.
2. Was the idea suggested at an early stage that terraces would be blamed for the disaster, with all-seater stadia pushed as the solution?
I ask this because many have attempted to make a connection between football terraces and all manner of problems, from hooliganism to the tragic events that occurred at Hillsborough, Ibrox and other grounds. All of this is, when one thinks about it, deeply irrational and on some levels quite offensive.
Many football fans, myself included, have stood up at matches and never once thought of starting a fight, invading the pitch during the game or joining the English Defence League.
Moreover, despite what some might tell you, terracing is not inherently dangerous, as the Germans have proved by offering safe, modern standing capacity to their supporters.
Possibly the best analogy is with the crackdown on handguns after Dunblane.
Such was the nature of the emotive response to the tragedy that the extreme solution suddenly made some sort of rational sense, while those who perhaps saw what was being proposed as the step too far that it was were cowed into guilty silence.
Here’s something that many readers may not know – at the time of the tragedy, Hillsborough was one of many stadia in the top two divisions not in possession of a current and valid safety certificate.
The legislation to cover ground standards, namely the Safety at Sports Grounds Act, was in place and had been updated as recently as 1986 in the wake of the horrendous Valley Parade fire of the previous year.
It simply was not being enforced or adhered to, with terraces oversubscribed, the fences at grounds remaining a potential hazard and many stadia falling into disrepair having not seen a penny spent on them by their clubs in several years.
Perhaps this is one area in which supporters, more keen to see the signing of a new midfielder than watch the game in an arena that did not represent a death-trap, may be as culpable as the directors and chairmen who pursued on-field glory above all else.
All-seater stadia are the norm now in both the Premier League and Championship, so one suspects that a return to some form of safe standing at matches is little more than a wild fantasy.
The changing dynamics and character of football to include the middle classes, women and families owe a lot to the reccommendations of the second Taylor report in particular, and in many respects these shifts have been more good than bad for the game as a whole (jokes about prawn sandwiches aside).
However, attracting a new clientele to matchday appears to have involved both pricing out the one that made it a spectacle in the first place, while depriving them of the opportunity to not just spectate, but participate, as those who inhabited the Kop, the Kippax and the Stretford End undeniably did.
My thoughts on the subject are that, at least hypothetically, the options of both seating and terracing should be available at football grounds to all those who wish to take them. Such a reasonable compromise driven by common sense appears to have been taken away from both the clubs themselves and their supporters, which is a great shame.
Among the many questions surrounding the way in which the establishment handled the Hillsborough disaster, one blind spot may be whether the government themselves decided to steer the conversation in the direction of all-seater stadia, conveniently apportioning blame in the direction of concrete steps that could not answer back.
This piece is an edited version of an article which first appeared at Outspoken Rabbit.
-
August 29, 2011 at 20:56
-
The people at the back pushed, and kept pushing to get in. The stadium was
badly designed. The result was a disaster. Quite why this has anything to do
with Thatcher I find impossible to understand. Is it argued she orchestrated
this? How? It was horrid tragedy, but those who hysterically pushed and shoved
to get in are to blame.
-
August 29, 2011 at 14:44
-
As kick-off time approached on the day of the disaster one of the afternoon
sports programmes (either Grandstand on BBC or another on commercial TV) had a
reporter outside the ground reporting the arrival of many Liverpool
supporters. They were in an ugly mood and many seemed dangerously drunk. I
never saw a recording of the events but I assume a recording was made
available, initially to the police, and subsequently, to the parties to the
Enquiry.
Have you seen the recording?
- August 29, 2011 at 14:27
-
Drunk football fans, many of whom did not possess match tickets,
impatiently attempted to access the Leppings Lane end of the ground and forced
the police to open a gate that had no turnstiles. This then caused the fatal
crush, after which those same alcohol-fuelled scousers decided to pick-pocket
the dead, urinate on ambulance crews and essentially exaccerbate the scale of
what was unfolding.
Has my vote.
Plus (accumulative) Scouse sense of
grievance + the chance of £.
Works for me.
- August 29, 2011 at 12:22
-
Would it be controversial to suggest that families want compensation (£) as
opposed to ‘closure’? And do those Liverpudlians who feel aggrieved accept
that the fans accumulating at the Leppings Lane end share some responsiblity
for the deaths?
- August 28, 2011 at 19:55
-
Bovered?
- August 28, 2011 at 17:00
-
Why the EDL quip?
All football hooligans are they?
- August 28, 2011 at 20:31
-
There are links between EDL and football hooligans.
See, for example
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8250017.stm
- August 28, 2011 at 20:31
- August 28, 2011 at 11:13
-
There will be stuff in the report that will not reflect kindly on the
Liverpool supporters. They’re not completely blameless, despite promoting
thmeselves as lifes eternal victims.
- August 28, 2011 at 02:16
-
Dont understand why Daz is framing this as some kinda massive political
conspiracy.
The shift in demographics for football fans had nothing to do with
Hillsborough or some Thatcherite conspiracy. Clubs became increasingly
commercialized as TV money poured into football in 1990 with the start of
satellite TV. TV wanted the largest demographic possible, Clubs wanted bigger
fan bases for merchandising sales & advertising revenue.
It was not just the influx of money that changed the fan demographic, but
also the change in demographics in the UK; changing roles of women, increase
of middle classes etc.
The issue with terracing is far more complicated than the Taylor report.
Football fans were often violent, resulting in pitch invasions and stoppage of
games. Fences were erected to stop the pitch invasions. A disaster like
Hillsborough was inevitable as barricading fans in the stands was not safe;
fans could not be evacuated quickly during an emergency. The fences were
removed and other,safer, measures were used to control football hooligans
during the game.
-
August 28, 2011 at 00:31
-
I really can’t get worked about this to be honest… it was so long ago and
the decisions taken then have either been enacted or forgotten.
As a matter of principle, of course the discussions of Ministers should be
released somewhat more speedily than they currently are – except in matters of
security or the personal privacy of others. But that extends to the choice of
coffee cups as much as Cabinet reactions to that days headlines.
-
August 27, 2011 at 21:48
-
I sympathise and accept that some people who lost relatives and friends in
1989 may never get over this.
The cause of the disaster was errors of judgment by senior police officers.
In a civil claim, the police are recorded as being negligent for what happened
on the day (Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police). Not everyone
who made a claim then or later has received compensation. But this is to do
with the way English law deals with claims for emotional or psychiatric
damage.
The police are a part of the government. Individual officers – along with
members of the public and other members of the emergency services – made great
efforts on the day to help. Even if it is part of an officer’s job to deal
with disasters, no one has ever begrudged them sympathy.
Individuals may not like the idea and start with a contrary assumption. But
where it is not immediately clear to the government that a part of it – the
police – had made an error, it is reasonable and appropriate for its starting
position to be sympathetic to the police.
I miss being able to stand at a football match, and the opportunity to not
just spectate, but participate. If experience in Germany in the past two
decades shows the assumption that terraces are less safe may be wrong, let’s
open and present the debate that way. As part of it, we can discuss the issue
of pricing out and whether bringing back terraces would make prices
cheaper.
-
August 27, 2011 at 20:42
-
Odd how this is suddenly ‘news’.
I really can’t get worked up about the idea of secret government cover ups
over Hillsborough. The idea is simply too fanciful, that the government would
decide to cover up the police murdering people out of gratitude for the miners
strike, it just doesn’t pass the smell test.
It was a disaster. Sad. To be mourned. That’s it.
Not everything is the result of evil plots and cover ups, not everything is
someones fault. This ‘campaigning for justice’ business is a nonsense based on
emotional blackmail.
- August
28, 2011 at 06:22
-
It’s not ‘news’ in Liverpool. They’ve been nursing this grievance like…
well, all their other grievances!
- August
- August 27, 2011 at 19:53
-
Football thugs deserve to reap what they sow- but sadly it involves the
rest of us normal people.
The clubs should be made to pay for all necessary
safety measures, and all insurance for spectators, and costs should be taken
out of the disgusting “wages” paid to players and managers.
Or, as in
ancient Rome, just leave them to fight and massacre each other. And NO
expenses for medical care on the NHS.
- August 28, 2011 at 10:56
-
“The clubs should be made to pay for all necessary safety measures”
They are!
- August 28, 2011 at 10:56
- August 27, 2011 at 19:15
- August 27,
2011 at 19:07
-
You may not remember this (I don’t know how old you are) but for decades
football allowed itself to be an outlet for the aggression of every kind of
hooligan, hoodlum, urban tribesman, frustrated teenager and dissatisfied thug.
For decades normal people were very wary of going to football grounds, gangs
fought each other and anyone they could find, the police were paid a fortune
in overtime and a dozen areas of major towns and cities were virually shut
down every Saturday as thousands of young men were channelled to the ground
screaming and shouting. People died, thousands were injured and hundreds of
thousands were constantly threatened and very seriously disrupted. For decades
neither the politicians nor the game itself did anything because football was
popular and profitable. It took a series of high-profile tragic events before
serious action was taken.
Banning Liverpool and the English clubs from Europe was the very least EUFA
could do until those responsible got a grip on what was happening. That other
clubs (and national teams) should also have been banned does not mean the ban
was wrong. The cages that killed people at Hillsborough were the result of a
previous half-hearted attempt to be seen to act. The use of identity cards and
pre-bought tickets was, on the other hand, part of a process which has led to
a partial re-normalisation of the game.
Certainly the reports into what happened at Hillsborough should be
published, for the reasons you give, but in the history of football thuggery
(Hillsborough seems to have been caused by measures taken against the general
thuggery, rather than by any particular thuggery that day), the Game, the
clubs, are not the victims of anything. They allowed it all to happen.
- August 27, 2011 at 18:47
-
Let’s forget about the hooliganism element for a moment and just think
about the families who have lost loved ones more than 20 years ago. The
governments of both colours have chosen to ‘cover up’ precisely what they
concluded ‘internally’ after the disaster.
We should be asking ourselves
just why the various governments have concluded it is in our best interests
not to know what they were discussing re. the disaster.
As the papers have
been ‘classified’, it is bound to make people think the worse. Who has the
secrecy been protecting? Why have the papers been ‘withheld’ if not to hide
something?
As usual, they cause more problems by not being totally honest
and open with the public.
- August 27, 2011 at 16:25
-
Something worth bearing in mind is that football hooliganism was a major
problem during the ’70s and early 80′s, not just for the major clubs, but
throughout football. Almost every club had a minority of thugs who’s sole aim
was bad behaviour – and some of it was very bad.
I’m not suggesting that hooliganism caused the Hillsborough disaster, or
even that it was a factor; but it would not be surprising if the reputation
that football had at the time coloured opinions, including in the Cabinet.
As an aside, a relative who attended football matches regularly at the time
(to watch the football – as the majority did) opined that the recent riots
were bound to die out when the weather turned rainy. He recalled that football
hooliganism seldom kicked off in the rain – thugs hate getting wet, it
seems.
- August 27, 2011 at 16:30
-
Hmm. Sorry for the double post – not sure why that happened. The computer
packed up after typing the first one, and wasn’t there after I re started
the thing, so I typed it again. Then it reappeared.
Bring back clay tablets, I say…
- August 27, 2011 at 16:30
- August 27, 2011 at 16:10
-
It’s sometimes forgotten now, but football hooliganism in the 1970s and
early ’80s was a considerable problem. Not just the large, high-profile clubs
had a minority of thugs using football as a cover for bad behaviour, it was
pretty much endemic throughout the football league. Very few matches took
place without fighting or vandalism in some degree either in the ground or,
more usually, near it.
I don’t suggest that hooliganism caused the Hillsborough disaster, or even
was a factor; but it is inescapable that football was blighted by it at the
time. It would not be surprising if that background coloured opinions,
including in the Cabinet, in the immediate aftermath.
In passing, a relative who attended football matches around that time (to
watch the game) remarked that he wasn’t surprised that the recent riots died
out when the weathe turned wet. He said football riots rarely happened in the
rain – thugs hate getting wet, apparently.
- August 28, 2011 at 10:54
-
Nothing to do with rain, it was all about ecstasy. No-one wanted to fight
when they were all loved up.
Just because you don’t see it in the grounds anymore, does not mean it
has gone away, trust me on this one.
-
August 29, 2011 at 20:10
-
I would say looking back that hooliganism was seen at very few football
matches in the late eighyies.
-
- August 28, 2011 at 10:54
{ 25 comments }